I have only leaned about whole, half, quarter, and eighth notes so far.

What is the difference between a pianoforte and a piano?  Nothing!  pianoforte simply means a soft-loud.  Some were called fortepianos, or loud-softs.  When the term pianoforte was more in vogue, pianos may not have looked exactly like yours does today, but it was none-the-less a piano.  

Do you know what a semibreve, a minim, a crotchet, a quaver, a semiquaver and a demisemiquaver are?  They are the british or classical name for the American whole note, half note, quarter note, eighth note, sixteenth note, and thirty-second note.  I found it interesting and just thought you might as well.